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Biographical Information for R.L. Grubbs

2006 Photo of RL Grubbs
2006 Photo of RL Grubbs

Through his own firm, Accessible & Universal Design Research & Training, Mr. Grubbs provides government, non-profit and industry clients with strategic analysis and planning for accessible and universal design. He conducts exploratory, descriptive and mixed methods research, performance measurement, program evaluation, training and development projects. He provides analysis on the effects of accessibility regulations on current products, services, media and knowledge/document management processes with suggestions for improvements. He provides technical evaluation to develop business case/business practices for accessible and universal design in products, services, media, staff training, market research, customer service and marketing communications. He provides ergonomic risk assessment and risk reduction process consultations.

While a research scientist at the Center for Assistive Technology & Environmental Access (CATEA) at Georgia Tech, Mr. Grubbs conducted research to develop and refine accessible and universally designed technologies, products and services for elders, adults and children. He utilized user-centered design and human-centered data gathering methods including; voice-of-the-customer, personae, action, focus group, survey, observation and idea generation techniques. He designed and conducted human factor/ergonomic, anthropometric and primary and secondary marketing research studies. He collected and analyzed activity, environmental, interactional, object/tool and user data and synthesizes findings. He has experience facilitating the work of cross-functional design teams. He utilized Design Structure Matrix (DSM) to realize integrated technology designs and prototypes. He developed commercial partnerships using memorandums of understanding, scopes of work and intellectual property agreements. He has experience using Quality Functional Deployment (QFD) and assisted in tech transfer of new technologies and the commercialization of new products.

He was co-investigator on retail and office workstation tech r&d projects for the Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center (RERC) on Universal Design and Workplace Accommodation. He conducted user-needs assessment and analysis studies for the RERC on Wheeled Mobility. He co-directed the Work Accommodations for Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Educators project. To increase the participation of elders and people with disabilities in research, he developed a national registry, the CATEA Consumer Network (CCN). His background includes legal and regulatory expertise in the Work Incentives Act (WIA) and the Ticket To Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act (TTWWIIA), EEO AA, diversity, the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), 2002 Help America Vote Act (HAVA), the Assistive Technology Act of 1998, Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 1997, ‘73 Rehab Act, Section 225 of the Telecommunications Act, '68 Fair Housing Act and amendments and the '86 Air Carrier Access Act. He conducted legal and regulatory training and developed an expert training network for the Information Technology Technical Assistance & Training Center (ITTATC).

Previous to his appointment at CATEA, he was an Assistant Professor of Rehabilitation Counseling in the School of Allied Health Sciences at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center. He gained valuable technology transfer experience while working with the RERC on Tech Transfer (T2RERC). His training and teaching experience includes assistive and univesal design, user-centered accessible design, technology prototyping and transfer, commercial-academic partnerships, management development, organizational learning and instructional technology, accessible distance learning and competency-based training. He has specialized training in industrial design. He earned a Master of Arts degree in Organizational Learning and Instructional Technology from the University of New Mexico and a Master of Education degree from Texas Tech University.

Consulting Services

  • Accessible & Universal Design Research & Training.
  • 133 Trinity Ave, SW, Suite 2509, Atlanta, GA 30303, (404) 522-2363.

Provide government, non-profit and industry clients with strategic analysis and planning for accessible and universal design. Conduct analysis, research, performance improvement, evaluation, training and development projects. Provide analysis on the effects of accessibility regulations on current policies, practices, products and services with suggestions for improvements. Provide technical evaluation to develop programs, policies and business case/business practices for accessible and universal design in products, services, media, staff training, market research, customer service and outreach/marketing communications. Provide ergonomic risk assessment and risk reduction process consultations.

ATWiki Articles

Environmental Barriers to Community Transportation Experienced by Mobility Device Users

Appointments and Work Experience

  • Researcher/Planner 8/07-Present
  • Georgia State Department of Community Health
  • 2 Peachtree Street, NW, Suite 3700, Atlanta, GA 30303

Manage, design and conduct research and planning for Money Follows the Person (MFP) long-term care system. Design complex and comprehensive research studies to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of the project outcomes and deliverables. Gather data, perform statistical analysis, interpret and report results. Coordinate project planning, establish project policy issues. Evaluate project compliance with federal and state regulations. Design reporting system for collection, aggregation and analysis of state level evaluation data. Coordinate state evaluation activities with CMS national evaluation contractor. Lead and facilitate workgroups and task forces comprised of personnel from other sections, divisions, agencies and public stakeholder for the purpose of discussion and consensus building to establish project goals, objectives and outcomes. Monitor project milestones and deadlines in conjunction with Department of Community Health and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Prepare and present results of research and evaluation studies with recommendations for strategic, operational, tactical and corrective actions and directives. Prepare budget requests, develop budget improvement packages and recommendations for priorities and prepare budget reports. Prepare progress reports. Conduct policy analysis, prepare position papers, briefings and articles for trade and academic journals. Prepare legislative proposals. Communicate with governor’s office, members of the General Assembly and external stakeholders to interpret and propose needed legislation related to state-wide project implementation. Prepare application renewals to CMS.


Co-Principal Investigator on federally sponsored rehabilitation engineering research, development and evaluation projects. Designed and conducted exploratory, descriptive and mixed methods research and evaluation studies to develop new technology. Collected and analyzed qualitative (focus group, interviews, participatory-action, voice-of-the-customer) and quantitative (survey, anthropometric, observational) data. Collected and analyzed human factor and anthropometric data. Reported findings and prepared briefings for r&d project team. Generated design criteria and characteristics for new technology concepts and designs. Refined designs through iterative processes. Realized integrated prototypes. Designed and conducted end-user prototype testing and evaluations. Facilitated tech transfer and commercial partnerships. Managed study budgets, recruitment and logistics. Created a registry of research participants. Trained students, faculty and staff on research methods, universal design and tech transfer. Prepared status updates and briefed principal investigator, advisory board and funding agency. Published research and submitted grant proposals.

Director II--Prepared, conducted and evaluated legal and regulatory training on the Rehabilitation Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), the Help America Vote Act (HAVA) and the Telecommunications Act for the Information Technology Technical Assistance & Training Center (ITTATC). Directed, managed and coordinated the efforts of a diverse and geographically dispersed project team of content experts (industry experts, national consultants, PhDs and graduate students). Arbitrated project team disputes. Managed development and vetting processes for deliverable production and publication. Coordinated training events, tracked training results and conducted training evaluations. Used results of evaluations to recommend and implement improvements to deliverables and the creation of new programs. Developed and managed network of expert trainers. Trained employers, procurement officers, architects, designers, engineers, web developers, disability advocates and policy makers. Prepared status updates and briefed principal investigator, advisory board and funding agency.

Program Manager--Managed sponsored research programs. Developed implementation activities for research projects. Supervised employees. Analyzed the effects of federal and state policy on research projects. Monitored compliance practices. Acted as liaison to research faculty, professional organizations, universities and governmental agencies. Developed performance measures and conducted technical r&d program evaluations. Reported findings and prepared briefings. Submitted grant proposals.


Prepared and delivered a graduate course in vocational rehabilitation and assistive technology. Delivered instruction using WebCT/Blackboard. Managed, advised and counseled students using Banner/Techsis. Developed and provided student support services. Trained faculty in distance learning, instructional systems design, accessible web delivery and blended course deployment. Created, delivered and managed web-based content using Macromedia Studio MX (Dreamweaver, Fireworks and Flash), MS FrontPage and HTML. Captured and compressed audio using SoundForge, streamed MP3s with MS Producer. Captured and compressed video using MS Producer and Canopus DV100. Streamed converted AVI files using Flash (FLV). Managed media using MS Server 2003. Complied with web accessibility guidelines based on Section 504 and Section 508 (73 Rehab Act) regulations, including accessible pdf’s and captioning. Used web validation tools, W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelines in the design and evaluation of accessible content and media, packaging and delivery. Participated in accreditation, program evaluation and continuous quality improvement initiatives.


Analyzed organizational problems and designed interventions for performance improvement, competency-based training, work re-design, process improvement and development of performance measures for a health and human service organization with 1800 employees. Consulted with stakeholders (agency division heads, mid-level managers, line supervisors and key employees) to establish competency-based training system requirements. Proposed strategic goals, operational objectives and tactical plans. Facilitated planning, problem solving and project management. Utilized process mapping, critical path analysis, flowcharting, Gantt charts, check sheets and affinity diagrams in organizational analysis and performance improvement. Conducted competency studies. Conducted leadership, coaching and management training.


Designed and conducted research studies to identify independent living, job accommodation and assistive technology needs of elders and people with disabilities for accessible services and products. Collected human-centered data and used idea generation techniques. Collected and analyzed stakeholder attitudes, perspectives and opinions on current barriers to services and products; descriptions of ideal services and products; and evaluations of current services and ideal prototypes and/or concepts. Created registry of research volunteers. Included all relevant groups in research studies using, non-probability, purposive sampling. Moderated focus groups and open forum discussions. Supervised staff and participated in ILC executive management.


Developed, implemented and evaluated vocational rehabilitation and assistive technology assessment and training services for Career Services for Persons with Disabilities. Provided client physical status assessments, interests and aptitudes inventories and skill readiness test. Provided career counseling, job development, job task analysis, job-coaching, job accommodation and supported employment services. Conducted home modification and worksite assessments. Conducted state-wide training in assistive technology for in-service special educators, vocational rehabilitation counselors, OT/PT/SLPs, funders, insurance and policy professionals. Conducted CARF certification audits.


Conducted descriptive and exploratory research studies for new adaptive and assistive technology for the New Mexico Technology Deployment Pilot Project. Provided assistive technology evaluation and training services to Albuquerque Public School students. Prepared training materials, learning kits and media for national assistive technology training project for vocational and special educators. Organized and coordinated a national Assistive Technology Futures Think Tank study and developed and hosted vocational rehabilitation and assistive technology workshops and exhibits.


Developed and implemented assistive technology assessment and training services, including client physical status, interests, aptitudes and skills for children and adults with disabilities. Provided career counseling, job coaching, job development, training and workplace ergonomic assessments for job accommodations. Conducted home modification assessments for independent living.


Education and Advanced Training

  • 2004-2007 In-Service Training, AEA/CDC Summer Evaluation Institute, 2005, 2006, 2007. Research methods, sampling methods, instrument development, program evaluation, performance measurement, logic models and PART (Program Assessment Rating Tool), qualitative methods, participatory-action methods, focus group research and using geographic information systems for research and evaluation.
  • 2006 Post-Graduate Training, Industrial Design, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA.
  • 1999 Post-Graduate Training, Cultural Anthropology, SUNY-University at Buffalo, NY.
  • 1997 Master of Arts in Organizational Learning & Instructional Technologies (OLIT), Special Education and Assistive Technology (15 hrs), The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM.
  • 1992 Master of Education, Language/Literacy Education, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, Texas Teaching License, Secondary Reading, TESOL Endorsement.
  • 1984 Bachelor of Music Education, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, Texas Teaching License, All Level Music.


Professional Affiliations

  • American Evaluation Association (AEA), Member
  • Atlanta Area Evaluation Association (AaEA), Member
  • Association for Computing Machinery and SIGACCESS, Member
  • American Society for Training & Development (ASTD), Member
  • Association on Higher Education and Disability (AHEAD), Member
  • Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES), Member
  • Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America (RESNA), Member
  • National Council on Independent Living (NCIL), Member


Service to the Field

ANSI/RESNA Standards Committee on Wheelchairs and Transportation (SOWHAT), WC-19 Standard Development, Committee Member, 2006.

National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, US Department of Education

  • Invited Funding Application Reviewer, Rehabilitation Engineering Research Centers, Sept. 2002.
  • Invited Funding Application Reviewer, Assistive Technology Impacts and Outcomes, Sept. 2001.
  • Invited Program Reviewer, Program Evaluation, Rehabilitation Engineering Research Centers, Oct. 1997.

RESNA—Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America,

  • Member since 1994
  • Co-chair, Consumer Involvement Special Interest Group, Annual Conference, 2006
  • Submission Review Committee, Technology Transfer Special Interest Group, Annual Conference, 2005, 1996
  • Education Professional Specialty Group, Co-Chair, Annual Conference, 1994

National Science Foundation

  • Invited Funding Application Reviewer, SBIR/STTR Technical Review

US Department of Education, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Services Administration

  • Texas Assistive Technology Partnership (TATP), Advisory Board, Training Committee, 1993-1994
  • Lifetime Independence for Everyone (LIFE) Independent Living Center, Board of Directors, 1989-1991


University Service

  • Campus accessibility studies, evaluated compliance for Georgia Tech Campus ADA Committee, the Committee for Access Review, 2005, 2006.
  • Disability and Diversity Training; Campus Diversity Week, Georgia Tech, 2003, 2004
  • Systematic Continuous Quality Improvement and Retention Management Initiative TTUHSC, 2001-02


Grants, Funded Projects and Research Experience

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), Money Follows the Person (MFP) project, Georgia State Department of Community Health, Hageback (PI) Grubbs (PC), Five year, $35 million state-wide long-term care project to transition elders and persons with disabilities from nursing homes (ICFMR) to community-based settings with appropriate supports.


US Department of Education, National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Field Initiated Research on Inclusive Indoor Play and Play Things (iPlay), Mullick (PI) Grubbs (Co-PI), to improve indoor play and evaluate the inclusiveness of prototypes indoor playthings.


National Science Foundation, National Needs Assessment and Training Project in Classroom Accommodations for Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Educators (STEM) Milchus (PI) Grubbs (Co-PI), to identify access issues and successful classroom and laboratory accommodations used by K-16 science, technology, engineering and math educators with disabilities.


US Department of Education, National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Research Project of the Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on Workplace Accommodation (WorkplaceRERC) Sanford and Milchus (Co-PIs) Grubbs (Co-PI D2C, D2a2, D0.5), to research, design, develop, evaluate and transfer to the market new universally designed workplace technologies.


US Department of Education, National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Research Project of the Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on Wheeled Mobility in Everyday Life (MobilityRERC) Sprigle (PI) Grubbs (Co-PI R1, Co-PI R2), to research, design, develop, evaluate and transfer to the market new mobility and seating technologies.


US Department of Education, National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Research Project of the Information Technology Technical Assistance & Training Center (ITTATC), Kessler (PI) Grubbs (PD), to research, design, develop and evaluate new technologies, technical assistance and training products to positively impact implementation of ’73 Rehab Act §508, Telecom Act §255.


Michelin Americas Research and Development Corporation, Deploying an airless caster in the wheelchair market (Tweel), Bernard and Grubbs (Co-PIs), to understand problems associated with current wheelchair casters and power drive wheels, identify functions and features desired in an ‘ideal caster and power drive wheel’ and test a new airless caster and drive wheel.


Wallace Foundation, New Jersey Theatre Alliance, Arts and cultural event participation among elders and persons with disabilities in ten counties in New Jersey. McEwen and Grubbs (Co-PIs), to identify and prioritize accessibility issues encountered by arts and cultural event patrons.


US Department of Transportation, Easter Seals Project Action, Thompson (PI) Grubbs (PI Consumer Needs Assessment), national study to assess and evaluate the current use of wheelchairs and other mobility devices on public and private transportation.


US Administration on Aging (AOA), Aging Research and Training Grant, Research and Training Project of the Institute for Healthy Aging (IHA), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Bickley (PI) Grubbs (PC), to lay the foundation for a new era in geriatrics care for Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC) and the people of West Texas through activities in education, research, service delivery and community outreach in geriatrics, medicine, nursing and pharmacy programs to generate new knowledge to advance eldercare in the West Texas region.


US Department of Education, National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Research Project of the Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on Technology Transfer, Lane (PI) Grubbs (PC), to evaluate and transfer new and improved assistive technology devices to the market.


Selected Journal Papers, Book Chapters and Conference Proceedings (Refereed)

Grubbs, R.L., (2007). Environmental barriers to community transportation experienced by mobility device users. In proceedings from the Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America (RESNA) Annual Conference, Phoenix, AZ, June 2007. Arlington, VA: RESNA Press.


Milchus, K. & Grubbs, R.L. (2007). Work experiences of educators with disabilities. In Disabled faculty and staff in a disabling society: Multiple identities in higher education. Vance, M.L., Editor, Waltham, MA: Association on Higher Education and Disability (AHEAD).


Grubbs, R.L. & Ringholz, D. (2006). Critical processes in the universal design of grocery retail workstations: Applying the CATEA process model for product design partnerships. In proceedings from the Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America (RESNA) Annual Conference, Atlanta, GA, June 2006. Arlington, VA: RESNA Press.


Ringholz, D. & Grubbs, R.L. (2006). Assessing reach and workstation height for universal design of grocery retail checkstands. In proceedings from the Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America (RESNA) Annual Conference, Atlanta, GA, June 2006. Arlington, VA: RESNA Press.


Haynes, S., Grubbs, R.L., Endicott, S., Williams, K. & Williams, M. (2006) Using a wheelchair seating system to measure postural effects on user comfort and typing performance. Paper presented at the Human Factors & Ergonomics Society 50th Annual Meeting, Santa Monica, CA, United States.


Grubbs, R.L. (2006-2007). (Editor) CATEA Consumer Network (CCN) eNewsletter: Assistive technology research news you can use. Atlanta, GA: Center for Assistive Technology & Environmental Access (CATEA), http://www.catea.org/ccn/html_email.html


Ringholz, D. & Grubbs R.L. (2005). Universal design and grocery retail research program. In proceedings form the RERC on Workplace Accommodations, State of the Science Conference, Atlanta, GA, September 2005. Atlanta, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology Press.


Haynes, S., Grubbs, R.L., Endicott, S., Williams, K. (2005). Impact of working posture on comfort and typing performance. In proceedings from the Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America (RESNA) Annual Conference, Atlanta, GA, June 2005, Arlington, VA: RESNA Press.


Grubbs R.L. & Bernard R.L. (2005) An emergent model for mobility product design partnerships; A process for ongoing stakeholder participation in wheelchair mobility product design. In proceedings from the Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America (RESNA) Annual Conference, Atlanta, GA, June 2005. Arlington, VA: RESNA Press.


Grubbs, R.L. & Usiak, D.J. (1998). Consumer orientation: The emerging role of independent living centers in participatory action research in assistive technology. In proceedings of the Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America (RESNA) Annual Conference, Minneapolis, MN, June 1998. Arlington, VA: RESNA Press.

Technical Reports

Weiner, R., Cross, D.J., Grubbs, R.L., and Hunter-Zaworski, K. (2007). Easter Seals Project ACTION: Status report on the current use of wheelchairs and other mobility devices on public and private transportation. San Francisco, CA: Nelson/Nygaard Consulting Associates, June, 2007.


Grubbs, R.L. (2007). Universally designed retail workstations: Views of checkers and customers. Atlanta, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology, Center for Assistive Technology and Environmental Access, Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on Universal Design and Workplace Accommodation (WorkRERC), [1]


Grubbs, R.L. (2007). Inclusive indoor play and playthings: Views of parents, educators, daycare providers and toy designers. Atlanta, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology, Center for Assistive Technology & Environmental Access, [2]


Grubbs, R.L. (2005). Alternating pressure wheelchair cushion: A product improvement pilot study. Atlanta, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology, Center for Assistive Technology and Environmental Access, Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on Wheeled Mobility (MobilityRERC), [3]


Grubbs, R.L. (2005). Design criteria for a low-cost, durable wheelchair cushion for rural and underserved users. Atlanta, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology, Center for Assistive Technology and Environmental Access, Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on Wheeled Mobility (MobilityRERC), [4]


Grubbs, R.L. (2005). Elder manual wheelchair concept and design criteria. Atlanta, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology, Center for Assistive Technology and Environmental Access, Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on Wheeled Mobility (MobilityRERC), [5]


Grubbs, R.L. (2004). Design criteria for a dynamic seating system for children with high extensor tone. Atlanta, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology, Center for Assistive Technology and Environmental Access, Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on Wheeled Mobility, (MobilityRERC), [6]


University Courses and Lectures

Overview of tech transfer models, policy, tools and resources: Some unique challenges in technology r&d and orphan product development. Atlanta, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology, Center for Assistive Technology and Environmental Access, lecturer for PUBP 8803C, Technology, Disabilities and the Aging: New Policy Approaches, September 14, 2004.


How to do job task analysis for job accommodation. Atlanta, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology, Center for Assistive Technology and Environmental Access, lecturer for the Fort Valley distance education project in assistive technology, April 9, 2003.


How to use the PETT (Person, Environment, Task and Tool) protocol for assistive technology evaluations. Atlanta, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology, Center for Assistive Technology and Environmental Access, lecturer for the Fort Valley distance education project in assistive technology, April 9, 2003.


Assistive Technology and Job Accommodation in the Workplace. Lubbock, TX: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Rehabilitation Counseling Program, WebCT delivery, AHVR-5344, Fall 2001.


Athletic Injuries of Special Populations: Assistive Technology and Athletes Using Wheelchairs. Lubbock, TX: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Athletic Training Program, lecturer for AHAT 5303, Special Topics in Athletic Training, November, 2001, 2002.


Training Courses

Grubbs, R.L. How to conduct focus groups. Atlanta, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology, Center for Assistive Technology and Environmental Access, Information Technology Technical Assistance and Training Center. Fall 2004.


Grubbs, R.L., Buck, D., Creagan, T., Jacobs, S., Kessler, M., & Tobias, J. The barrier awareness kit: Training simulations for understanding barriers to electronic and information technology. Atlanta, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology, Center for Assistive Technology and Environmental Access, Information Technology Technical Assistance and Training Center. 2003-2004.


Kessler, M., Grubbs, R.L., Buck, D., Creagan, T., Jacobs, S., & Tobias, J. Training preview for accessible information technology: A training needs assessment tool for marketers and program managers. Atlanta, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology, Center for Assistive Technology and Environmental Access, Information Technology Technical Assistance and Training Center. 2003-2004.


Kessler, M., Grubbs R.L., Buck, D., Creagan, T., Jacobs, S., & Tobias J. Consumer Training: How to find and buy accessible information technology. Atlanta, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology, Center for Assistive Technology and Environmental Access, Information Technology Technical Assistance and Training Center. November 2003.


Kessler, M., Grubbs R.L., Buck, D., Creagan, T., Jacobs, S., & Tobias J. Disability Business Technical Assistance Center Toolkit, Version 2.0. Atlanta, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology, Center for Assistive Technology and Environmental Access, Information Technology Technical Assistance and Training Center. October 2003


Grubbs, R.L. Introduction to instructional systems design in distance and distributed education. Lubbock, TX: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Allied Health Sciences, Instructional Technology and Student Support. Multiple deliveries to faculty, 2001-2002.


Grubbs, R.L. Utilizing personalized system of instruction and adult learning theory in distance learning. Lubbock, TX: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Allied Health Sciences, Instructional Technology and Student Support. Multiple deliveries to faculty, 2001-2002.


Grubbs, R.L. Introduction to WebCT tools I and II. Lubbock, TX: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Allied Health Sciences, Instructional Technology and Student Support. Multiple deliveries to faculty, 2001-2002.


Grubbs, R.L. The webcourse tutorial. Lubbock, TX: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Allied Health, Instructional Technology and Student Support Services. Delivery to distance and distributed education students. The WebCourse Tutorial is used to orient students to distance and blended learning at TTUSHC-School of Allied Health Sciences.


Grubbs, R.L., Krause, M., & Grippi, J. Management supervisors core training, Buffalo, NY: Erie County Department of Social Services. Forty-hour management development training course, two deliveries in 1998 and 1999.


Grubbs, R.L., & Bochiechio, M. Understanding competency-based training systems. Erie County Department of Social Services, Buffalo, NY. Multiple deliveries in 1998, 1999 and 2000.


Copyright 2007 RL Grubbs

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